Merkle Tree Certificates: The Third Iteration of Web PKI
Post-quantum signatures and shorter certificate lifetimes threaten to overwhelm Certificate Transparency. Merkle Tree Certificates are the redesign of Web PKI built to fix it.
Read morepost-quantumBeyond Post-Quantum Bloat: Engineering Strategies to Contain TLS Handshakes
Post-quantum cryptography makes TLS handshakes bigger. Here's how to shrink the payload and cut down on full handshakes, starting today.
Read morepost-quantumA closer look at the performance of ML-KEM
ML-KEM barely moves the CPU needle, but it adds real bytes to every TLS handshake. Here's what changes when hybrid key establishment goes live.
Read morepost-quantumEffect of post-quantum algorithms on networking performance
ML-KEM and ML-DSA don't cost much extra CPU, but they add real round trips. Here's how post-quantum handshakes change TLS latency, congestion windows, and middlebox behavior.
Read morepost-quantumPost-quantum key establishment, ten years later
Post-quantum key establishment is now standard in TLS 1.3, but only 11% of origin servers are protected. Here's where hybrid ML-KEM adoption really stands.
Read morepost-quantumWhy post-quantum signatures are breaking TLS handshake limits
Post-quantum signature sizes are up to 34x larger than ECDSA. Here's why ML-DSA certificate chains blow past the 14.5 KB TCP congestion window.
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